Through the Biologically Accelerated Learning Technologies (BALT) and Brian Fitness Training (BFT) projects we are using HDFT, fMRI, and NIRS to characterize how the structural and computational properties of brain networks change as various cognitive skills are acquired over the course of extensive training. The overarching goal of these projects are to optimize the efficacy of cognitive training paradigms in order to facilitate high level skill learning and develop a biological theory around effective instruction methods.