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{mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:·ð; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:3.75in; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l5:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:4.25in; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l5:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:§ð; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:4.75in; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> <meta name=Author content="Kevin D. Ashley"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1027"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFE6" lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=blue style='tab-interval: .5in'> <div class=WordSection1> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Selected Publications<u1:p></u1:p></span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Books and Edited Works:</span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, </span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>Special Issue on AIED applications for ill-defined domains</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>. <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., Lynch, C., Ashley, K. D., &amp; <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (Eds.) vol. 19, No. 3 &amp; 4 (2010).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Law</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>, Special Issue on e-Discovery. Ashley, K., Baron, J., and Conrad, J. (Eds.) vol. 18, No. 3 (2010).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Proceedings of the Workshop on Computer-Supported Peer Review in Education (CSPRED-2010) at the Tenth International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems. </span></i><span class=SpellE><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Goldin</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>, I., <span class=SpellE>Brusilovsky</span>, P., <span class=SpellE>Schunn</span>, C., Ashley, K., Hsiao, I-H. (Eds.) (2010). Pittsburgh, PA. <a href="http://www.cspred.org/proceedings">http://www.cspred.org/proceedings</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Proceedings of the Workshop on Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Ill-Defined Domains at the 10th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>. C. Lynch, K. Ashley, A. <span class=SpellE>Mitrovic</span>, V. <span class=SpellE>Dimitrova</span>, N. <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, V. <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, eds. (2010). Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Proceedings of the Workshop on Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Ill-Defined Domains at the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems.</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V., Ashley, K., Lynch, C., &amp; <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N. (Eds.) (2008). <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Montreal</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Canada</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. <a href="http://www.cs.pitt.edu/%7Ecollinl/ITS08/">http://www.cs.pitt.edu/~collinl/ITS08/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Proceedings of the Workshop on AIED Applications for Ill-Defined Domains at the 13th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education.</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V., Ashley, K., Lynch, C., &amp; <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N. (Eds.) (2007). <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Los Angeles</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span> (CA), published online at <u><span style='color:blue'><a href="http://aied.inf.ed.ac.uk/AIED2007/Ill-Defined_Workshop.pdf">http://aied.inf.ed.ac.uk/AIED2007/Ill-Defined_Workshop.pdf</a></span></u><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Intelligent Tutoring Systems</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>, Ashley, K.D., Ikeda, M. &amp; Chan, T-W. 8<sup>th</sup> International Conference, ITS 2006. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span><span class=SpellE>Jhongli</span></ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Taiwan</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. June 2006. Proceedings. Springer, <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>Berlin</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Proceedings of the Workshop on Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Ill-Defined Domains at the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems.</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V., Ashley, K., Lynch, C., &amp; <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N. (Eds.) (2006). <span class=SpellE>Jhongli</span> (<ns0:country-region><span>Taiwan</ns0:country-region></span>), <ns0:place><span><ns0:placename><span>National</ns0:placename></span> <ns0:placename><span>Central</ns0:placename></span> <ns0:placetype><span>University</ns0:placetype></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>, Ashley, K.D. &amp; Bridge, D.G. (Eds.) (2003) 5<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, ICCBR 2003, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span><ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Trondheim</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span></ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>, <ns0:country-region><span><ns0:country-region><span>Norway</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:country-region></span>, June 2003, Proceedings. Springer, <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>Berlin</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<i><u1:p>&nbsp;</u1:p></i><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Modeling Legal Argument: Reasoning with Cases and Hypotheticals</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>. Ashley, K.D., (1990). The MIT Press / Bradford Books, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Cambridge</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>MA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. Substantially rewritten version of (1987) Ph.D. Dissertation. COINS Technical Report No. 88  01, Department of Computer and Information Science, <ns0:placetype><span>University</ns0:placetype></span> of <ns0:placename><span>Massachusetts</ns0:placename></span>, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Amherst</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><i><u1:p></u1:p><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>Textual Case Based Reasoning.</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Lenz, M., and K.D. Ashley, editors (1998). Papers from the Workshop held at the Sixteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Technical Report WS 98 12. AAAI Press, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Menlo Park</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><u1:p><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;<b></u1:p>Refereed Journal Articles</b>:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:-57.1pt -.5in 0in .5in .75in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Emerging AI &amp; Law approaches to automating analysis and retrieval of electronically stored information in discovery proceedings Ashley, K. and <span class=SpellE>Bridewell</span>, W. (2010) in <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Law</i>, Special Issue on e-Discovery. <span class=GramE>vol</span>. 18, No. 3 pp. 311-320. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <span style='mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'>Evaluating an Intelligent Tutoring System for Making Legal Arguments with Hypotheticals</span>. <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., Ashley, K., Lynch, C. and <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>(2009) <i>International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education</i>. <span class=GramE>vol</span>. 19, pp. 401-424.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> Concepts, Structures, and Goals: Redefining Ill-<span class=SpellE>Definedness</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Lynch, C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Ashley, K. <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>Aleven</span></span><span class=GramE> ,</span> V. (2009). <i>International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education</i>. <span class=GramE>vol</span>. 19, no. 3, pp. 253-266.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Teaching a Process Model of Legal Argument with Hypotheticals. Ashley, K. (2009) <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Law. </i>Vol. 17, No. 4.<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> </i><span class=GramE>pp</span>. 321-370. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Automatically Classifying Case Texts and Predicting Outcomes. K. D. Ashley and S. <span class=SpellE>Brüninghaus</span> (2009) <span class=GramE>In<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Artificial</i></span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> Intelligence and Law</i> Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 125-165.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Computer Models for Legal Prediction. K. D. Ashley and S. <span class=SpellE>Brüninghaus</span> (2006) <i>Jurimetrics Journal</i> Vol. 46, pp. 309-352. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <a href="http://www.lrdc.pitt.edu/ashley/AshleyPubs/Capturing_the_Dialectic.pdf">Capturing the Dialectic between Principles and Cases</a>. &nbsp; K.D. Ashley (2004). In <i>Jurimetrics</i> Vol. 44, pp. 229-279. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Law, Learning and Representation . Ashley, K. D. &amp; <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E. L. (2003) <i>Artificial Intelligence. </i>v. 150, pp. 17-58. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family: "Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> An AI Model of Case Based Legal Argument from a Jurisprudential Viewpoint. K.D. Ashley (2002). In the Special Issue of the <i>Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Law</i> in Memory of Professor Donald H. Berman. Volume 10. Nos. 1-3. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 163-218.<o:p></o:p></span></u1:p></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <a href="file:///AshleyPubs/KeeferAshleyJME.pdf">Case-based Approaches to Professional Ethics: a systematic comparison of students and ethicists moral reasoning.</a> Keefer, M. and Ashley, K.D. (2001) <i>Journal of Moral Education</i>. Vol. 30, No. 4 pp.377-398.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Designing Electronic Casebooks That Talk Back: The CATO Program . Ashley, K. D. (2000) In <i>Jurimetrics</i> Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 275 319. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family: "Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <a href="file:///AshleyPubs/AshleyAILCBRArticle.pdf">Case Based Reasoning and its Implications for Legal Expert Systems</a> . Ashley, K. D. (1992). <span class=GramE>In&nbsp; <i>Artificial</i></span><i> Intelligence and Law</i> Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 113 208. Kluwer. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Dordrecht</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Netherlands</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></u1:p></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><a href="file:///var/folders/fj/fjp7IbbvGNik7rrc02kiFU+++TI/-Tmp-/fz3temp-1/Publications.html/Ashley%252520Int.%252520J.%252520Man-Machine%252520studies.pdf"><u1:p>&nbsp; Reasoning with Cases and Hypotheticals in Hypo </u1:p></a>. Ashley, K. D. (1991).&nbsp; In <i>International Journal of Man Machine Studies</i>, Vol. 34, pp. 753 796. Academic Press. <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>New York</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family: "Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> A Case Based Approach to Modeling Legal Expertise , Ashley, K.D. &amp; <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E.L. In<i> IEEE Expert</i>, <span class=GramE>Fall</span>, 1988.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><u1:p></u1:p><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'></u1:p>Other Journal Articles, Symposia, Position Papers:</span></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo6'><u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family: "Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Comment on <span class=SpellE>Lowrance's</span>  Graphical manipulation of evidence in structured arguments  Ashley, K. (2007) in <i>Law, Probability and Risk</i>, 6: 241-245. <o:p></o:p></span></u1:p></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Textual case-based reasoning Weber, R., Ashley, K. and <span class=SpellE>Brüninghaus</span>, S. (2005<span class=GramE>)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><i>The</i></span> <i>Knowledge Engineering Review</i>, Volume 20, Issue 03, September 2005, <span class=SpellE>pp</span> 255-260.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Case-based reasoning and law <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E., Ashley, K. and Branting, L.K. (2005<span class=GramE>)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><i>The</i></span><i> Knowledge Engineering Review</i>, Volume 20, Issue 03, September 2005, <span class=SpellE>pp</span> 293-298 <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> A Note on Dimensions and Factors , <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E.L. and Ashley, K.D. (2002). In the Special Issue of the <i>Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Law</i> in Memory of Professor Donald H. Berman. Volume 10. Nos. 1-3. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 65-77.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Legal Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence: How Computers  Think Like Lawyers , Kevin Ashley, Karl Branting, Howard Margolis, Cass R. <span class=SpellE>Sunstein</span> (2001) Symposium, <i>University of Chicago Law School Roundtable</i> v. 8, p. 1.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo6'><u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family: "Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> What I Told The Law and Computers Association of <ns0:country-region><span>Japan</ns0:country-region></span> About Information Technology in <ns0:place><span><ns0:placename><span>Law</ns0:placename></span></ns0:place></span> <ns0:placetype><span>School</ns0:placetype></span> Education. K.D. Ashley (2001). <i><ns0:place><span><ns0:placetype><span>University</ns0:placetype></span></ns0:place></span> of <ns0:placename><span>Pittsburgh</ns0:placename></span> Law Review</i>. v. 62, <span class=GramE>Summer</span>, pp. 545-578. <o:p></o:p></span></u1:p></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><a href="file:///var/folders/fj/fjp7IbbvGNik7rrc02kiFU+++TI/-Tmp-/fz3temp-1/Publications.html/AAAI2006FelllowsPositionPaper.pdf"><u1:p></u1:p><u1:p></u1:p>Position Paper for AAAI 2006 Fellows Symposium</a>, Kevin D. Ashley, University of Pittsburgh<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><u1:p></u1:p><b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br> <u1:p></u1:p>Refereed Conference and Workshop Proceedings:</span><u1:p></u1:p></b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]>&quot;Toward AI-enhanced Computer-supported Peer Review in Legal Education.&quot; Ashley, K.D and <span class=SpellE>Goldin</span>, I.M. (2011) <span class=SpellE>Jurix</span> 2011: The 24th Annual Conference, pp. 1-12 (Katie M. Atkinson ed.) IOS Press 2011.<span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]> Toward Extracting Information from Public Health Statutes using Text Classification and Machine Learning M. <span class=SpellE>Grabmair</span>, K.D. Ashley, R. <span class=SpellE>Hwa</span> and P.M. Sweeney (2011) <span class=SpellE>Jurix</span> 2011: The 24th Annual Conference, pp. 73-82 (Katie M. Atkinson ed.) IOS Press 2011.<span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]>&quot;Peering Inside Peer Review with Bayesian Models.&quot; <span class=SpellE>Goldin</span>, <span class=SpellE>Ilya</span> M., Kevin D. Ashley. <span class=GramE>(2011) <i>Proceedings of the <a href="http://www.aied2011.canterbury.ac.nz/">15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education</a></i>.</span> Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 6738, pp. 90-97. Auckland, New Zealand <span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-style:italic'> Facilitating Case Comparison Using Value Judgments and Intermediate Legal Concepts. </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'> <span class=SpellE>Grabmair</span>, M.</span> and Ashley, K.D. (2011) <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings Thirteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL 2011)</i>, pp. 161-170. ACM Press. <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Donald H. Berman Award for Best Student Paper.</b><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Can Temporal Representation and Reasoning make a Difference in Automated Legal Reasoning? Lessons from an AI-based Ethical <span class=SpellE>Reasoner</span>. McLaren, Bruce M. and Ashley, Kevin D. (2011) <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings Thirteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL 2011)</i>, pp. 229-238. ACM Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>Argumentation with Value Judgments - An Example of Hypothetical Reasoning</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>. <span class=SpellE>Grabmair</span>, M.</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> and Ashley, K.D. (2010) <span class=SpellE>Jurix</span> 2010: The 23rd Annual Conference, 67-76 (R.G.F. <span class=SpellE>Winkels</span> ed.) IOS Press. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Eliciting Informative Feedback in Peer Review: Importance of Problem-Specific Scaffolding . <span class=SpellE>Goldin</span>, I., Ashley, K. (2010) <i>Proceedings of the <a href="http://sites.google.com/site/its2010home/">10th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems</a></i>. Pittsburgh, USA. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Learning by Reviewing through Peer Feedback Refinement. <span class=SpellE>Goldin</span>, <span class=SpellE>Ilya</span> M., Kevin D. Ashley. (2010) <i>Proceedings of the Workshop on Computer-Supported Peer Review in Education, 10th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems</i>. Pittsburgh, USA<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Borderline Cases of Ill-<span class=SpellE>definedness</span>  and How Different Definitions Deal with Them. Ashley, K., Lynch, C., <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>. (2010) Proceedings of Workshop on Intelligent Tutoring Technologies for Ill-Defined Problems and Ill-Defined Domains. (ITS Workshop), Pittsburgh, PA, June.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Argument Diagramming and Diagnostic Reliability. Lynch, C., Ashley, K. D., <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., &amp; <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (2009). In Guido <span class=SpellE>Governatori</span> (Ed.) Legal Knowledge and Information Systems, <span class=SpellE>Jurix</span> 2009: The Twenty-Second Annual Conference. p. 106-115. Amsterdam, IOS <span class=SpellE>Pres</span> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Ontological Requirements for Analogical, Teleological, and Hypothetical Legal Reasoning Ashley, K. (2009) <span class=GramE>In<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style: normal'>Proceedings</i></span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> of the Twelfth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 1-10. ACM Press. Barcelona, June.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> What a Legal CBR Ontology Should Provide. Ashley, K. (2009) In <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of the 22d International FLAIRS Conference, Special Track on Case-Based Reasoning</i>, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA. May.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Using Critical Questions to Disambiguate and Formalize Statutory Provisions. <span class=SpellE>Grabmair</span>, M. and Ashley, K.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>(2009) In <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 240-1. ACM Press. Barcelona, June.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Toward Assessing Law Students Argument Diagrams. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Lynch, C., Ashley, K., <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., and <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (2009) In <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 222-3. Barcelona, June.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Assessing Argument Diagrams in an Ill-Defined Domain. <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., Lynch, C., Ashley, K. and <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (2009) In V. <span class=SpellE>Dimitrova</span>, R. <span class=SpellE>Mizoguchi</span>, B. du <span class=SpellE>Bulay</span>, &amp; A. <span class=SpellE>Graesser</span> (Eds.), <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of the 14<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 590-592. Amsterdam (The Netherlands), IOS Press. Brighton. July.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> Toward Modeling and Teaching Legal Case-based Adaptation with Expert Examples Ashley, K., Lynch, C., <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., and <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (2009<span class=GramE>)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>In</span> <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of the 8<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning</i>. </span><i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5650</span></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>pp. 45-59.</span> Berlin (Germany), Springer.<span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> Seattle. July.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> A Process Model of Legal Argument with Hypotheticals. Ashley, K., Lynch, C., <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (2008). In <i style='mso-bidi-font-style: normal'>Legal Knowledge and Information Systems, Proceedings <span class=GramE>of<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><span class=SpellE>Jurix</span></span> 2008: 21st Annual Conference</i>, pp. 1-10. Firenze, December.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Reevaluating LARGO in the Classroom: Are Diagrams Better than Text for Teaching Argumentation Skills? <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., Lynch, C., Ashley, K., and <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (2008) In <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems</i>. Pp. 90-100. Montreal, June.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Graph Grammars: an ITS Technology for Diagram Representations <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., Ashley, K., <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. and Lynch, C. (2008) In <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of The 21st International FLAIRS Conference, Special Track on Intelligent Tutoring Systems</i>, pp. 433-438.Coconut Grove, Florida, USA. May.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Argument Graph Classification with Genetic Programming and C4.5 , Lynch, C., Ashley, K., <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., and <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span> V. (2008) In <i>Proceedings of the 1<sup>st</sup> International Conference on Educational Data Mining</i>. Pp. 137-146 Montreal, Quebec, Canada. June.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> What do argument diagrams tell us about students aptitude or experience? A statistical analysis in an ill-defined domain, Lynch, C., <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., Ashley, K., and <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (2008). In <i style='mso-bidi-font-style: normal'>Proceedings of the Workshop on ITSs for Ill-structured Domains: Focusing on Assessment and Feedback at the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems</i>. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. June. <a href="http://www.cs.pitt.edu/%7Ecollinl/ITS08/">http://www.cs.pitt.edu/~collinl/ITS08/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Evaluating Legal Argument Instruction with Graphical Representations using LARGO , <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V., Ashley, K., Lynch, C. (2007<span class=GramE>)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>In</span> R. <span class=SpellE>Luckin</span>, K. <span class=SpellE>Koedinger</span>, &amp; J. Greer (Eds.), <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education</i> (AIED2007) p. 101-108. Amsterdam (<span class=SpellE>Niederlande</span>), IOS Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Argument diagramming as focusing device: does it scaffold reading? Lynch, C., Ashley, K., <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., &amp; <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (2007). In V. <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, K. Ashley, C. Lynch, &amp; N. <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span> (Eds.), <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of the Workshop on  AIED Applications in Ill-Defined Domains at the 13th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education</i> (p. 51-60). Los Angeles (CA), <a href="http://aied.inf.ed.ac.uk/AIED2007/Ill-Defined_Workshop.pdf">http://aied.inf.ed.ac.uk/AIED2007/Ill-Defined_Workshop.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Interpretive Reasoning with Hypothetical Cases , Ashley, K. (2007) <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of The 20th International FLAIRS Conference, Special Track on Case-Based Reasoning</i>, Key West, Florida, USA. May.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Learning by Diagramming Supreme Court Oral Arguments , Ashley, K., <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., Lynch, C., <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (2007) In <i style='mso-bidi-font-style: normal'>Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i> (ICAIL-07) p. 271-275. New York (NY), ACM Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Assessing Case Analyses in Bioengineering Ethics Education: Reliability and Training , <span class=SpellE>Goldin</span>, I.<span class=GramE>,<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Ashley</span>, K., <span class=SpellE>Pinkus</span>, R. (2006) International Conference on Engineering Education (ICEE-2006) Puerto Rico, July.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Toward Legal Argument Instruction with Graph Grammars and Collaborative Filtering Techniques <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V., Ashley, K.<span class=GramE>,<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Lynch</span>, C. (2006) In M. Ikeda, K. Ashley, &amp; T. W. Chan (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4053: <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems </i>(p. 227-236). Berlin, Springer.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Progress in Textual Case-Based Reasoning: Predicting the Outcome of Legal Cases from Text , <span class=SpellE>Brüninghaus</span>, S. and Ashley K. (2006) <i style='mso-bidi-font-style: normal'>Proceedings, Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i> (AAAI-06) pp. 1577-1580. Boston. July.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&quot;<span class=GramE>Teaching<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Case</span> Analysis through Framing: Prospects for an ITS in an ill-defined<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>domain&quot; <span class=SpellE>Goldin</span>, I.,<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Ashley, K., and <span class=SpellE>Pinkus</span>, R. (2006) ITS 2006 Workshop on &quot;Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Ill-Defined Domains <span class=SpellE>Jhongli</span>, Taiwan. June 2006.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&quot;<span class=GramE>Supporting<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Self</span>-explanation of Argument Transcript: Specific v. Generic Prompts&quot; <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V., <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., Ashley, K., Lynch, C. (2006) In V. <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, K. Ashley, C. Lynch, &amp; N. <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span> (Eds.), Proceedings of the Workshop on Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Ill-Defined Domains at the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (p. 47-55). <span class=SpellE>Jhongli</span> (Taiwan), National Central University.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&quot;Defining Ill-Defined Domains; A literature survey.&quot; Lynch, C., Ashley, K., <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V.<span class=GramE>,<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span></span>, N. (2006) In V. <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, K. Ashley, C. Lynch, &amp; N. <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span> (Eds.), Proceedings of the Workshop on Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Ill-Defined Domains at the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (p. 1-10). <span class=SpellE>Jhongli</span> (Taiwan), National Central University.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Reasoning with Textual Cases. <span class=SpellE>Brüninghaus</span>, S. and Ashley K. (2005) In the <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 137-151. Chicago. August. Springer. <a name="OLE_LINK1"><o:p></o:p></a></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><span style='mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family: "Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Generating Legal Arguments and Predictions from Case Texts, <span class=SpellE>Brüninghaus</span>, S. and Ashley K. (2005) In the <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference of AI and Law</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 65-74. Bologna. June. ACM Press.</span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Helping Law Students to Understand US Supreme Court Oral Arguments: A Planned Experiment. <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V, Ashley, K. and Lynch, C. (2005) In the <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference of AI and Law</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><span class=GramE>pp</span>. 55-59. Bologna. June. ACM Press.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Towards Modeling Systematic Interpretation of Codified Law, <span class=SpellE>Grabmair</span>, M. <span class=GramE>and<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Ashley</span>, K. (2005) In M.-F. <span class=SpellE>Moens</span> and P. <span class=SpellE>Spyns</span> (eds.)<i> Legal Knowledge and Information Systems</i>, the Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference (JURIX 2005).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><span class=GramE>pp</span>. 107-8. Brussels. December. IOS Press.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Toward Supporting Hypothesis Formation and Testing in an Interpretive Domain. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. and Ashley, K. (2005<span class=GramE>)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>In</span> the <i>Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education</i>, Amsterdam. July.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <a href="http://www.lrdc.pitt.edu/ashley/ashleybruninghaus-jurix2003.pdf">A Predictive Role for Intermediate Legal Concepts</a>, Ashley, K. and <span class=SpellE>Brüninghaus</span>, S. (2003). In the <i>Proceedings 16th Annual Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems, </i>Jurix-03. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 153-162. <ns0:city><span>Utrecht</ns0:city></span>, The <ns0:place><span><ns0:country-region><span>Netherlands</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. December. IOS Press, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Amsterdam</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Combining Case-Based and Model-Based Reasoning for Predicting the Outcome of Legal Cases . <span class=SpellE>Brüninghaus</span>, S. and Ashley, K.D. (2003). In the <i>Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning</i> (ICCBR-03). <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 65-79. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Trondheim</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Norway</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. June. Springer, <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>Berlin</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <a href="http://www.lrdc.pitt.edu/ashley/bruninghaus.pdf">Predicting Outcomes of Case-Based Legal Arguments</a>. <span class=SpellE>Brüninghaus</span>, S. and Ashley, K.D. (2003). In the <i>Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i> (ICAIL-03). <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 234-242. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Edinburgh</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Scotland</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. June. &nbsp;ACM Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <a href="http://www.lrdc.pitt.edu/ashley/its2002paper_n._134_final.pdf">Teaching Case-Based Argumentation Concepts using Dialectic Arguments vs. Didactic Explanations</a> .&nbsp; Ashley, K.D., Desai, R. and Levine, J.M. (2002) In <i>Proceedings, Intelligent Tutoring Systems Conference</i>, ITS  02 (<ns0:place><span><ns0:country-region><span>S.A.</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span> <span class=SpellE>Cerri</span>, G. <span class=SpellE>Gouardères</span>, F. <span class=SpellE>Paraguaçu</span>, <span class=GramE>ed</span>.) Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Pp. 585-595. Springer-<span class=SpellE>Verlag</span>: <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>Berlin</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></u1:p><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><u1:p> Teaching with Dialectic Arguments vs. Didactic Explanations Desai, R. and Ashley, K.D. (2002). In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Fairfax</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>VA.</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span> August.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></u1:p><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><u1:p> An AI Investigation of Citation's Epistemological Role . Ashley, K.D. and McLaren, B.M. (2001). In the <i>Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence &amp; Law</i> (ICAIL-01). <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 32-41. ACM Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></u1:p><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><u1:p> Improving the Representation Of Legal Case Texts With Information Extraction Methods .&nbsp; <span class=SpellE>Brüninghaus</span>, S. and Ashley, K.D. (2001). In the <i>Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence &amp; Law</i> (ICAIL-01). <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 42-51. ACM Press.<o:p></o:p></span></u1:p></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Introducing PETE: Computer Support For Teaching Ethics . <span class=SpellE>Goldin</span>, <ns0:place><span>I.</ns0:place></span>, Ashley, K.D. and <span class=SpellE>Pinkus</span>, R.&nbsp; (2001). In the <i>Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence &amp; Law</i> (ICAIL-01). <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 94-98. ACM Press. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Helping a CBR Program Know What it <span class=GramE>Knows</span> .&nbsp; McLaren, B.M.&nbsp; <span class=GramE>and</span> Ashley, K.D. (2001). In the <i>Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning. </i>(ICCBR-01) <i>Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development</i>, (Aha, D. and Watson, <ns0:place><span>I.</ns0:place></span> eds.) Lecture Notes in AI Nr. 2080. &nbsp;<span class=GramE>pp</span>. 377-391. Springer.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> The Role of Information Extraction for Textual CBR . <span class=SpellE>Brüninghaus</span>, S. and Ashley, K.D. (2001). In the <i>Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning. </i>(ICCBR-01). <i>Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development</i>, (Aha, D. and Watson, <ns0:place><span>I.</ns0:place></span> eds.) Lecture Notes in AI Nr. 2080. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 74-89. Springer.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Assessing Relevance With Extensionally Defined Principles and Cases . McLaren, B.M. and Ashley, K.D. (2000). In <i>Proceedings of the 17th National Conference of Artificial Intelligence</i> (AAAI 00). <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 316 322. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Austin</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>. August. AAAI Press, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Menlo Park</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Toward Adding Knowledge to Learning Algorithms for Indexing Legal Cases . <span class=SpellE>Brüninghaus</span>, S. and Ashley, K.D. (1999). In <i>Proceedings, Seventh International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i>, pp. 9 17. Association of Computing Machinery, <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>New York</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Oslo</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>. June. <b>Donald H. Berman Award for Best Student Paper </b></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>GOTOBUTTON BM_1_ http://www.pitt.edu/~steffi/papers/icail99.ps</span><![endif]--><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Bootstrapping Case Base Development with Annotated Case Summaries . <span class=SpellE>Brüninghaus</span>, S. and Ashley, K.D. (1999). In (<span class=SpellE>Althoff</span>, K<span class=GramE>. </span>D., Bergmann, R. and Branting, L.K. eds.) <i>Case Based Reasoning Research and Development, Proceedings of the Third International Conference On Case Based Reasoning</i>. <span class=GramE>pp.59</span> 73. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Munich</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Germany</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. July. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence No. 1650. Springer: <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>Berlin</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <b>Outstanding Research Paper Award</b>.</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> GOTOBUTTON BM_2_ http://www.pitt.edu/~steffi/papers/iccbr99.ps</span><![endif]--><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Case Representation, Acquisition, and Retrieval in SIROCCO . McLaren, B. and Ashley, K. (1999) In <i>Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Case Based Reasoning</i> (ICCBR 99). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1650. <span class=SpellE>Althoff</span>, K<span class=GramE>. </span>D., Bergmann, R. and Branting, L.K. (ed.) pp. 248 262. Springer: <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>Berlin</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span><span class=SpellE>Seeon</span></ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Germany</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. July. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Exploring the Dialectic between Abstract Rules and Concrete Facts . McLaren, B. and Ashley, K.D. (1998) in <i>Advances in Case Based Reasoning. Proceedings, Fourth European Workshop on Case Based Reasoning</i> (EWCBR 98) <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Dublin</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>. September. B. Smyth and P. Cunningham (ed.) pp. 37 51. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1488. Springer: <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>Berlin</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Developing Mapping and Evaluation Techniques for Textual CBR . Ashley, K.D., and St. <span class=SpellE>Bruninghaus</span> (1998) In <i>Textual Case Based Reasoning</i> Papers from the AAAI 98 Workshop. Pages 20  23. AAAI Technical Report WS 98 12. AAAI Press, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Menlo Park</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Evaluation of Textual CBR Approaches . <span class=SpellE>Bruninghaus</span>, S. and Ashley, K.D. (1998) <i>Textual Case Based Reasoning</i>. Papers from the AAAI 98 Workshop. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 30 34. AAAI Technical Report WS 98 12. AAAI Press, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Menlo Park</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> How Machine Learning Can be Beneficial for Textual Case Based Reasoning . <span class=SpellE>Bruninghaus</span>, <ns0:place><span>St.</ns0:place></span>, and K.D. Ashley (1998b) In <i>Proceedings of the AAAI 98/ICML 98 Workshop on Learning for Text Categorization</i>. Pages 71 74. AAAI Technical Report WS 98 05. AAAI Press, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Menlo Park</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <a href="file:///var/folders/fj/fjp7IbbvGNik7rrc02kiFU+++TI/-Tmp-/fz3temp-1/Publications.html/Reasoning%252520symbolically.pdf">Reasoning Symbolically About Partially Matched Cases</a> . Ashley, K.D. and <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (1997). In <i>Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i> (IJCAI 97) pp. 335 341. Morgan Kaufmann: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>San Francisco</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Nagoya</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Japan</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. August.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Teaching Case Based Argumentation Through a Model and Examples, Empirical Evaluation of an Intelligent Learning Environment . <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. and Ashley, K.D. (1997) In <i>Proceedings of the Eighth World Conference of the Artificial Intelligence in Education Society</i>. B. <span class=GramE>du</span> <span class=SpellE>Boulay</span> and R. <span class=SpellE>Mizoguchi</span>, ed. pp. 87 94. IOS Press: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Amsterdam</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>.&nbsp; <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Kobe</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Japan</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. August. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Evaluating a Learning Environment for Case Based Argumentation Skills . V. <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span> and K. Ashley. (1997). In <i>Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i>, ICAIL 97. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Melbourne</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Australia</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. June. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 170 179. Association for Computing Machinery: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>New York</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>NY</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Learning to Classify Case Opinions under Abstract Fact Categories . S. <span class=SpellE>Bruninghaus</span> and K. Ashley. (1997) In <i>Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i>, ICAIL 97. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Melbourne</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Australia</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. June. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 123 131. Association for Computing Machinery: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>New York</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>NY</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Using Machine Learning for Assigning Indices to Textual Cases . S. <span class=SpellE>Bruninghaus</span> and K. Ashley. (1997) In <i>Case Based Reasoning Research and Development Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Case Based Reasoning</i>, ICCBR 97. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Providence</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>RI</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. July. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 303 314. Springer: <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>Berlin</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Ethical reasoning strategies and their relation to case based instruction: Some <span class=GramE>preliminary&nbsp; results</span> . Ashley, K. D. and Keefer, M. (1996). In <i>Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society</i> pp. 483 488. <span class=SpellE>LaJolla</span>, CA. Lawrence Erlbaum: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Mahwah</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>NJ</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> How <span class=GramE>different&nbsp; is</span> different? Arguing about the significance <span class=GramE>of&nbsp; similarities</span> and differences . <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. and Ashley, K. D. (l996). In <i>Proceedings of the Third European Workshop on Case Based Reasoning</i>. <i>Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1168</i>. Smith, <ns0:place><span>I.</ns0:place></span> and <span class=SpellE>Faltings</span>, B. (ed.) pp. 1 15. Springer: <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>Berlin</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Lausanne</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Switzerland</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. November.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Reasoning with Reasons in Case Based Comparisons . Ashley, K. D. and McLaren, B. (1995) In <i>Proceedings of the First International Conference on Case Based Reasoning</i> (ICCBR 95) <i>Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1010</i>. <span class=SpellE>Veloso</span>, M. and <span class=SpellE>Aamodt</span>, A. (ed.) pp. 133 144. Springer: <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>Berlin</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <b>Distinguished Paper Award</b>. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span><span class=SpellE>Sesimbra</span></ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Portugal</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. October.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Doing Things with Factors . <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. and Ashley, K. D. (1995) In <i>Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i> pp. 31 41. Association for Computing Machinery: <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>New York</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>College Park</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>MD.</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span> May.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Representing Methods of Legal Analysis Imposed by Treaties and Statutes . K. D. Ashley and S. <span class=SpellE>Brueninghaus</span> (1995).&nbsp; In <i>Proceedings of The <span class=GramE>Third&nbsp; International</span> Workshop on a Legal Expert System for the CISG</i>, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>College Park</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>MD.</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span> May.&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Context Sensitive Case Comparisons in Practical Ethics: Reasoning About Reasons . McLaren, B. and Ashley, K. D. (1995). In <i>Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i> pp. 316 325. Association for Computing Machinery: <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>New York</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>College Park</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>MD.</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span> May.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Case Based Comparative Evaluation in TRUTH TELLER . McLaren, B. and Ashley, K. D. (1995) In <i>Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society</i> pp. 72 77. <ns0:city><span>Lawrence</ns0:city></span> Erlbaum Assoc.: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Mahwah</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>NJ</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Pittsburgh</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>. July.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Using a Well Structured Model to Teach in an Ill Structured Domain . <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. and Ashley, K. D. (1995). In <i>Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society</i> pp. 419 424. <ns0:city><span>Lawrence</ns0:city></span> Erlbaum Assoc.: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Mahwah</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>NJ</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Pittsburgh</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>. July.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> An Instructional Environment for Practicing Argumentation Skills . <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. and Ashley, K. D. (1994) In <i>Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i> (AAAI 94). <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 485 492. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Seattle</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>WA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. July. AAAI Press: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Menlo Park</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Evaluating Comparative Evaluation Models , Ashley, K. D. and McLaren, B. (1994) In <i>Proceedings of AAAI 94 Workshop on Case Based Reasoning</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 164 171. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Seattle</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>WA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. July.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> A CBR Knowledge Representation for Practical Ethics . Ashley, K. D. and McLaren, B. (1994). In <i>Proceedings of Second European Workshop on Case Based Reasoning</i> (EWCBR 94) <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Chantilly</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>France</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. November. Reprinted in J. <span class=SpellE>Haton</span>, M. Keane, M. <span class=SpellE>Manago</span> (eds.) <i>Advances in Case Based Reasoning</i>  Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence No. 984 pp. 181 197. Springer <span class=SpellE>Verlag</span>: <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>Berlin</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Using Logic to Reason with Cases . Ashley, K. D. and <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (1993) In <i>Proceedings of First European Workshop on Case Based Reasoning</i> (EWCBR 93) pp. 373 378, SEKI Report SR 93 12 (SFB 314) <span class=SpellE>Fachbereich</span> <span class=SpellE>Informatik</span>, <span class=SpellE>Universitat</span> Kaiserslautern: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Kaiserslautern</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Germany</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. A longer version entitled  A Logical Representation for Relevance Criteria appeared in 1994 in <i>Topics in Case Based Reasoning</i>. S. <span class=SpellE>Wess</span>, K D. <span class=SpellE>Althoff</span>, M. Richter, (eds.). <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 338 352 Springer <span class=SpellE>Verlag</span> Lecture Notes in AI series. <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>Berlin</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> What Law Students Need to Know to WIN . <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. and Ashley, K. D. (1993). <span class=GramE>In&nbsp; <i>Proceedings</i></span><i> of the Fourth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i> (ICAIL 93) pp. 152  161. ACM Press: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>New York</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>NY</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. Reprinted in <i>International Yearbook of Law, Computers and Technology</i>, Vol. 8, 1994.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Generating Dialectical Examples Automatically . Ashley, K. D. and <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (1992) In <i>Proceedings, Tenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i> (AAAI 92) pp. 654  660. AAAI Press/The MIT Press: <ns0:city><span>Menlo Park</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span>, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Cambridge</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>MA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Automated Generation of Examples for a Tutorial in Case Based Argumentation . <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. and Ashley, K. D. (1992) In C. <span class=SpellE>Frasson</span>, G. Gauthier and G.I. <span class=SpellE>McCalla</span>, editors, <i>Proceedings, Second International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems</i> (ITS 92) pp. 575  584. Springer <span class=SpellE>Verlag</span>: <ns0:place><span><ns0:state><span>Berlin</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Toward an Intelligent Tutoring System for Teaching Law Students to Argue with Cases .&nbsp; Ashley, K.D. and <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (1991) In <i>Proceedings, Third International Conference on AI and Law</i> (ICAIL 91). <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 42  52 ACM Press: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Baltimore</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> A Computational Approach to Explaining Case Based Concepts of Relevance in a Tutorial Context . Ashley, K.D. and <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (1991) In <i>Proceedings of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Case Based Reasoning Workshop</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 257  268. Morgan Kaufmann: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>San Mateo</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Toward an Intelligent Case Based Tutorial Program for Teaching Students to Argue with Cases . Ashley, K. D. (1991). In <i>Proceedings of the Stanford Spring Symposium on Argumentation and Belief</i> at <ns0:place><span><ns0:placename><span>Stanford</ns0:placename></span> <ns0:placetype><span>University</ns0:placetype></span></ns0:place></span>. March. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <a href="file:///var/folders/fj/fjp7IbbvGNik7rrc02kiFU+++TI/-Tmp-/fz3temp-1/Publications.html/Defining%252520salience.pdf">Defining Salience in Case Based Arguments</a> . Ashley, K. D. (1989). In N.S. <span class=SpellE>Sridharan</span>, editor, <i>Proceedings, Eleventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i> <i>(IJCAI 89)</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 537  542. Morgan Kaufmann: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>San Mateo</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Toward a Computational Theory of Arguing with Precedents: Accommodating Multiple Interpretations of Cases . Ashley, K. D. (1989). In <i>Proceedings, Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 93  102. ACM Press: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Baltimore</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Waiting on Weighting: A Symbolic Least Commitment Approach . Ashley, K. D. &amp; <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E. L. (1988). In <i>Proceedings, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Seventh National Conference <span class=GramE>on&nbsp; Artificial</span> Intelligence (AAAI 88)</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 234  239. Morgan Kaufmann: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>San Mateo</ns0:city></span><span class=GramE>,&nbsp; </span><ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Reasoning <span class=SpellE>Adversarially</span> with Cases and Factors . Ashley, K.D. (1988). In <i>Proceedings, AAAI Workshop on Case Based Reasoning</i>, AAAI 88. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>St. Paul</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>MN</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. August.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Credit Assignment and the Problem of Competing Factors in Case Based Reasoning . <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E.L. &amp; Ashley, K.D. (1988). In J. L. <span class=SpellE>Kolodner</span>, editor, <i>Proceedings of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Case Based Reasoning Workshop</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 327  344. Morgan Kaufmann: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>San Mateo</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Dynamic Assessment of Relevancy in a Case Based <span class=SpellE>Reasoner</span> . Ashley, K.D. &amp; <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E.L.&nbsp; In <i>Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications</i>, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>San Diego</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>, 1988.&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Compare and Contrast, A Test of Expertise . Ashley, K.D. &amp; <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E.L. (1987). In <i>Proceedings, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Sixth National Conference <span class=GramE>on&nbsp; Artificial</span> Intelligence (AAAI 87)</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 273  278. Morgan Kaufmann: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>San Mateo</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> But, See, Accord: Generating <i>Blue Book</i> Citations in Hypo''. Ashley, K.D. &amp; <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E.L. (1987).&nbsp;&nbsp; In <i>Proceedings, First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 67  74. ACM Press: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Baltimore</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> A Case Based System for Trade Secrets Law . <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E.L. &amp; Ashley, K.D. (1987).&nbsp; In <i>Proceedings, First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 60 66. ACM Press: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Baltimore</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Distinguishing   A <span class=SpellE>Reasoner's</span> Wedge . Ashley, K.D. (1987). In <i>Proceedings Ninth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society</i>. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Seattle</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>WA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. August. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Hypotheticals as Heuristic Device . <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E.L. &amp; Ashley, K.D. (1986). In <i>Proceedings, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Fifth National Conference <span class=GramE>on&nbsp; Artificial</span> Intelligence (AAAI 86)</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 289  297. Morgan Kaufmann: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>San Mateo</ns0:city></span><span class=GramE>,&nbsp; </span><ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Knowing What to Ask Next and Why: Asking Pertinent Questions Using Cases and Hypotheticals . Ashley, K.D. (1986). In <i>Proceedings Eighth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society</i>. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Amherst</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>MA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. August.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8'><u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family: "Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Explaining and Arguing with Examples .&nbsp; <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E. L., <span class=SpellE>Valcarce</span>, E. M. &amp; Ashley, K. D. (1984).&nbsp; In <i>Proceedings, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Fourth National Conference <span class=GramE>on&nbsp; Artificial</span> Intelligence (AAAI 84)</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 288  294. Morgan Kaufmann: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>San Mateo. </ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>CA.&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'></u1:p><u1:p>&nbsp;<b></u1:p>Invited Papers Not Refereed<u1:p></u1:p></b><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <a href="file:///var/folders/fj/fjp7IbbvGNik7rrc02kiFU+++TI/-Tmp-/fz3temp-1/Publications.html/Outline3.pdf">Hypothesis Formation and Testing in Legal Argument</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Ashley, K.D. (2006). Invited paper. International Congress of Comparative Cultures and Legal Systems of the <span class=SpellE>Instituto</span> de <span class=SpellE>Investigaciones</span> <span class=SpellE>Jurídicas</span> <span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Second International Meeting on Artificial Intelligence and Law</span>, Universidad <span class=SpellE>Nacional</span> <span class=SpellE>Autonoma</span> de México, Mexico City. <span class=GramE>April,</span> 2006.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <a href="http://www.lrdc.pitt.edu/Ashley/Mexico.pdf">Case-Based Models of Legal Reasoning in a Civil Law Context.</a> &nbsp;Ashley, K.D. (2004). Invited paper. International Congress of Comparative Cultures and Legal Systems of the <span class=SpellE>Instituto</span> de <span class=SpellE>Investigaciones</span> <span class=SpellE>Jurídicas</span>, Universidad <span class=SpellE>Nacional</span> <span class=SpellE>Autonoma</span> de México, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Mexico City</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>. Translated into Spanish. February.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Exploring an Example of Creative Legal Problem Solving:&nbsp; Inventing the NOW Account. Ashley, K.D. (2003). Invited paper for the Special Workshop of the IVR World Congress 2003 on Creativity in Legal Problem Solving. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Lund</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:country-region><span>Sweden</ns0:country-region></span></ns0:place></span>. August.<br>  <ns0:place><span><ns0:placename><span>Law</ns0:placename></span> <ns0:placetype><span>School</ns0:placetype></span></ns0:place></span> Education and Information Technology . Ashley, K.D. (2000). Invited paper for the 25th Annual Meeting of The Law and Computers Association of Japan. November.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Applying Textual Case Based Reasoning and Information Extraction in Lessons Learned Systems . Ashley, K. D. (2000). In <i>Papers from the AAAI Workshop on Intelligent Lessons Learned Systems</i>. Technical Report WS 00 03. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 1 4. AAAI Press. <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Menlo Park</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>CA</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Adding an Intelligent Tutor to <span class=GramE>an&nbsp; Electronic</span> Legal Casebook . Ashley, K.D. (1998). In <i>Proceedings, Fifth International Conference on Substantive Technology in <ns0:placename><span>Law</ns0:placename></span> <ns0:placetype><span>School</ns0:placetype></span> and Law Practice</i>, <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Stockholm</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>, July. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10'><u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Evaluating a case argument tutoring program with a first year legal writing section . Ashley, K. D.&nbsp; <span class=GramE>and</span> <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V (1996). In <i>Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Substantive Technology in the <ns0:place><span><ns0:placename><span>Law</ns0:placename></span> <ns0:placetype><span>School</ns0:placetype></span></ns0:place></span> and <span class=GramE>Law&nbsp; Practice</span></i> pp. 100 116. <ns0:place><span><ns0:placetype><span>University</ns0:placetype></span> of <ns0:placename><span>Montreal</ns0:placename></span></ns0:place></span>.&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'></u1:p><u1:p>&nbsp;<b></u1:p>Book Chapters:<o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo12;tab-stops:-57.1pt -.5in 0in .5in .75in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <strong><span style='font-weight: normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ill-Defined Domains and Adaptive Tutoring Technologies</span></strong> , Lynch, C., Ashley, K. D., <span class=SpellE>Pinkwart</span>, N., &amp; <span class=SpellE>Aleven</span>, V. (In-Press). <span class=GramE>to</span> appear in <span class=SpellE>Durlach</span>, P. &amp; <span class=SpellE>Lesgold</span>, A. M (Eds.) <em>Adaptive Technologies for Training and Education.</em> Cambridge University Press. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo12;tab-stops: -57.1pt -.5in 0in .5in .75in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.0in 7.5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> Instructional Explanations in a Legal Classroom: Are Students Argument Diagrams of Hypothetical Reasoning Diagnostic? Ashley, K. and Lynch, C. </span><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>(2010) <span class=GramE><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>in<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span></span>Stein</span>, M.K., &amp; <span class=SpellE>Kucan</span>, L. (Eds.) <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Instructional Explanations in the Disciplines.</i> <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 171-188 New York: Springer.<span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo12'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Case-Based Reasoning , Ashley, K. D. In A.R. <span class=SpellE>Lodder</span> &amp; A. <span class=SpellE>Oskamp</span> (eds.): <i>Information Technology &amp; Lawyers: Advanced technology in the legal domain, from challenges to daily routine</i>. <span class=GramE>pp</span>. 27-68. Berlin: Springer <span class=SpellE>Verlag</span>, 2006. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo12'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Hypo: A Precedent Based Legal <span class=SpellE>Reasoner</span>'', <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E.L. &amp; Ashley, K.D., In Guy <span class=SpellE>Vandenberghe</span>, editor, <i>Recent Advances in Computer Science and Law</i>, Kluwer, 1989.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l4 level1 lfo12'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <a href="http://www.lrdc.pitt.edu/Ashley/Helman%20Chapter.pdf">Arguing by Analogy in Law: a Case Based Model</a> . Ashley, K.D. In David H. <span class=SpellE>Helman</span>, editor, <i>Analogical Reasoning: Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science, and Philosophy</i>, Kluwer Academic Publishers: <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>Dordrecht</ns0:city></span></ns0:place></span>, The Netherlands. 1988.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l4 level1 lfo12'><u1:p></u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Toward Modeling Legal Argument . Ashley, K.D. &amp; <span class=SpellE>Rissland</span>, E.L. (1986). In Antonio A. Martino and F. <span class=SpellE>Socci</span> <span class=SpellE>Natali</span>, editors, <i>Automated Analysis of Legal Texts, Logic, Informatics, Law</i>, Elsevier (North Holland).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l4 level1 lfo12'><u1:p><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family: "Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Reasoning by Analogy: A Survey of Selected A.I. Research with Implications for Legal Expert Systems .&nbsp; Ashley, K. D. (1985).&nbsp; In Charles Walter, editor, <i>Computing Power and Legal Reasoning</i>, West Publishing Co., <ns0:place><span><ns0:city><span>St. Paul</ns0:city></span>, <ns0:state><span>MN</ns0:state></span></ns0:place></span>.&nbsp; <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> </u1:p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> </body> </html>